Clearwater Marine Aquarium Inc

Nonprofit profile at a glance

EIN
592086737
IRS 990 coverage
2009–2024
Forms available
Form 990 2024, Form 990-T 2024
Location
Clearwater, FL, USA
Phone
7274411790
Rating
86
Verdict
STRONG
Rating confidence
Moderate
Sector
Zoo, Zoological Society

Official website

Reported finances

Revenue
$22,862,676
Expenses
$25,250,419
Assets
$102,243,121
Liabilities
$27,851,978

Source: IRS Form 990. Selected filing: tax year 2024. Amounts in USD.

Leadership & pay

27 people listed

Executive titles in this filing

  • Joe Handy (President & CEO)

Highest reported compensation

  • Joe Handy (President & CEO): $585,707 total reported compensation
  • Anthony Rivera (COO): $237,189 total reported compensation
  • James Powell (CZO): $229,501 total reported compensation

Source: IRS Form 990. Selected filing: tax year 2024. Names and roles reflect this filing, not necessarily current officeholders.

Overview

Mission

We believe in preserving our environnment while inspiring the human spirit through leadership in the rescue, rehabilitation, and release of marine life, environmental education, research and conservation.

What it reported doing in 2024

Zoological Care: Clearwater Marine Aquarium's Zoological Care team had a landmark year focused on advancing animal welfare, expanding rehabilitation programs, and engaging the community through meaningful education and conservation initiatives.Animal Care specialists provided exceptional care across the collection, including developing a long-term treatment plan for Walle, a 13-year-old river otter facing mobility challenges, and successfully integrating Opie, a rescued otter, into Otter Oasis alongside Boomer and Walle. The team achieved annual revenue goals early through expanded guest programs such as Paint with a Dolphin and pelican encounters, pairing hands-on experiences with conservation messaging. Animal Care also advanced research initiatives in partnership with the National Marine Mammal Foundation to implement computerized cognitive enrichment for rough-toothed dolphins, aiming to improve welfare and contribute to marine mammal science.Rescue operations were a core focus, with CMA coordinating eight manatee rescues, transports, and releases, supporting stranding responses, and participating in a sperm whale necropsy. The Rescue team also advanced professional readiness through collaborations in Belize, Myakka State Park, and with Bishop Museum, while securing critical funding requests under the RESTORE Act and Prescott grants to sustain operations and upgrade rehabilitation infrastructure.The Manatee Rehabilitation Program reached a historic milestone with the opening of CMA's new rehabilitation center. The arrival of juvenile patients Yeti and Zamboni marked CMA's first active role in second-stage care, supported by a dedicated new Manatee Rehabilitation Manager, Tanya Ward. These achievements positioned CMA as a model facility for the Manatee Rescue & Rehabilitation Partnership and strengthened collaboration with USFWS and Zoo Tampa.The Aquatic Biology team enhanced guest engagement with innovative programs such as "Tortoise Treat Time and "Big Mouths, Little Appetites," while planning new conservation-focused exhibits including Project Piaba and an Atlantic octopus display. The year also tested CMA's preparedness through two major hurricanes. Guided by CMA's robust weather policy and dedicated ride-out team, all animals remained safe despite significant infrastructure impacts. Lessons learned are now shaping enhanced storm preparedness strategies.Finally, the team introduced the "Florida - Wild and Exotic" exhibit, featuring native and invasive species with ambassador animal programming, while continuing to advance a NOAA import permit for dolphins and sea lions to strengthen global animal welfare collaboration.Through rescue, rehabilitation, education, research, and conservation, the Zoological Care team reinforced CMA's mission to preserve the environment and inspire the human spirit while ensuring the highest standards of animal welfare.

Operating model

Revenue model
Mixed. Its operating money came from several sources; no one source provided a clear majority.
Distribution model
Direct operator. The filing allocates 100% of reported program-service expenses outside its grant, affiliate-payment, and member-benefit lines. This expense classification does not rule out separately announced grant awards.
  • Includes noncash contributions: Reported contributions include donated property or goods.

The verdict

STRONG - A large share of available resources goes toward mission work and the filed numbers largely add up. Fundraising costs are high for each dollar raised and expenses are high relative to revenue.

Rating breakdown

  • Financial Efficiency: 77
  • Transparency & Controls: 94
  • Accountability: 100
  • Sustainability: 37
  • Growth: 100

Detailed rating inputs

Financial Efficiency

  • Mission deployment rate: 86.4%; rating input score 86
  • Program expense ratio: 75.1%; rating input score 75
  • Fundraising efficiency: $9.89 raised per $1 spent on fundraising; rating input score 38; 38th percentile among comparable filings

Transparency & Controls

  • Consistency checks: 100%; rating input score 100; 62nd percentile among comparable filings
  • Pay-setting controls: 6 of 6 controls in place; rating input score 100
    • Compensation committee: Pass
    • Independent consultant: Pass
    • Other Form 990s reviewed: Pass
    • Written employment contract: Pass
    • Compensation survey or study: Pass
    • Board or committee approval: Pass
  • Foreign activity oversight: Limited
  • Grant itemization coverage: Limited
  • Major donor itemization: Yes; rating input score 100
  • Related-party transparency: Limited

Accountability

  • Independent voting board: 100%; rating input score 100; 66th percentile among comparable filings
  • Governance controls: 9 of 9 controls in place; rating input score 100
    • Conflict-of-interest policy: Pass
    • Whistleblower policy: Pass
    • Document-retention policy: Pass
    • CEO compensation review process: Pass
    • Other executive compensation review process: Pass
    • Form 990 shared with the board: Pass
    • Board meeting minutes documented: Pass
    • Audit committee oversight: Pass
    • Independent financial-statement audit: Pass

Sustainability

  • Operating margin: -10.4%; rating input score 10; 10th percentile among comparable filings
  • Total-asset coverage ratio: 4.05; rating input score 81; 81st percentile among comparable filings
  • Liabilities to assets ratio: 0.27; rating input score 49; 49th percentile among comparable filings
  • Officer compensation ratio: 8.6%; rating input score 27; 27th percentile among comparable filings

Growth

  • Program expense growth: 2.7% per year; rating input score 100; 24th percentile among comparable filings
  • Revenue growth: 4.1% per year; rating input score 100; 35th percentile among comparable filings
  • Asset growth: 12.6% per year; rating input score 100; 74th percentile among comparable filings

Details

  • Where the money goes: 86.4% of revenue deployed · 75.1% of spending went to programs
  • Governance: 16 of 16 board members independent · 9 of 9 filing controls reported
  • Programs: 4 filed program accomplishments · $19M in reported program spending
  • Leadership: top reported pay $586K · 27 people listed · 6 of 6 pay-setting controls reported
  • Consistency: 37 of 37 current checks pass
  • Schedules: 10 filed schedules · includes major donors and executive pay
  • Filing history: 16 filing years from 2009 to 2024
  • Contacts: How to reach this organization
  • Money network: 11 filed money-flow records
  • Related organizations: 1 filed related-organization link
  • Grant readiness: Federal tax and exclusion status, award history, and grant-maker relationships.
  • People: Everyone the filings name, and which of them the filings identify by more than a name.
  • Staff and benefit plans: Retirement and health plans the organization files with the Department of Labor, and the people in them.

Key Signals

Signals prioritize questions for review. They are not findings of misconduct.

  • Moderate — Financial Efficiency: Fundraising efficiency scored 38/100.
  • High — Sustainability: Operating margin scored 10/100.
  • High — Sustainability: Officer compensation ratio scored 27/100.
  • Moderate — Sustainability: Liabilities to assets ratio scored 49/100.